Russia's oldest city, the 11th-century St Sophia and the birch-bark letters of a medieval republic.
A herringbone-planned walled town said to be Marco Polo's birthplace, with the Moreska sword dance.
'Here Portugal was born': the castle of the first king and a UNESCO medieval centre.
A medieval fortress on a rock in a canyon of the Smotrych river, the most dramatic castle in Ukraine.
Houses with eyes in the roofs, the Bridge of Lies and a Saxon centre that was Capital of Culture in 2007.
A complete medieval square with a Gothic town hall, spa villas and wooden churches nearby.
A Venetian Gothic town on a point of the Adriatic, with the Tartini square and salt pans nearby.
A Saxon walled town under Mount Tampa, the Black Church and Bran castle down the road.
A walled medieval town at the end of a fjord-like bay, with 1,350 steps up to the fortress of St John.
A medieval Firewatch Tower over a Gothic and baroque centre on the Austrian border, next to Lake Neusiedl.
Coloured houses over the Onyar, the best-preserved Jewish quarter in Spain and Game of Thrones locations.
Master Paul's 18-metre carved altar, the tallest Gothic altar in the world, inside a walled Spis town.
The birthplace of Vlad the Impaler inside the best-preserved inhabited medieval citadel in Europe.
The capital of the Hanseatic League: the Holstentor gate, seven brick spires and Niederegger marzipan.
Pastel houses inside 13th-century walls above two sandy beaches on the Pembrokeshire coast.
The Town Musicians, the UNESCO-listed Roland statue and town hall, and the Schnoor lane of medieval cottages.
The Kaiserburg above a rebuilt medieval city, the Nazi rally grounds and the Nuremberg trials courtroom.
Edward I's ring of eight towers and the most complete medieval walls in Britain, on the Snowdonia coast.
The city of three cultures on a rock above the Tagus, with El Greco, a synagogue and a Damascene steel trade.
Monet's cathedral, the square where Joan of Arc was burned and the Gros-Horloge astronomical clock.
A Norman cathedral and castle on a rock in a loop of the River Wear, the finest Romanesque building in Europe.
Alfred the Great's capital: the longest Gothic nave in Europe and the Round Table hanging in the Great Hall.
The Palace of the Popes, the broken bridge of the song and the biggest theatre festival in the world each July.
A 12th-century stone bridge over the Danube and the largest intact medieval city in Germany.
Walk the complete Roman and medieval walls and the two-tier Tudor shopping galleries of the Rows.
A Hanseatic town of roses and ruins inside 3.4 km of medieval wall on Gotland.
The cathedral where Thomas Becket was murdered in 1170, the destination of Chaucer's pilgrims.
Ireland's medieval capital: a Norman castle, St Canice's round tower and the Smithwick's brewery.
The "witchesโ passage" walkway between the Guaita and Cesta towers.
The oldest of San Marinoโs three towers, an 11th-century fortress on Monte Titano with views to the Adriatic.
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